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Malformations/anomalies in the development of cestodes
Aliaskerova, Madina ; Schreiber, Manfred (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Anomalies in tapeworms can appear spontaneously under natural conditions, at both morphological and developmental level. In adult tapeworms, malformations at morphological level are manifested on the scolex and strobila. Their detailed description can be found in Taenia saginata, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia solium, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiense, Dibothriocephalus latus, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis microstoma. In the larval stages of Taenia crassiceps, the malformations occur predominantly on the skolex. Morphological malformations may be manifested by multiplication of suckers or change in the appearance and number of hooks, change in the structure of the genitalia, occurrence of lateral segments, fenestration of the strobila or occurrence of multiple planes of symmetry. However, these malformations can also be caused by targeted radiation exposure, temperature stress or anthelmintics. Developmental anomalies are also manifested by spontaneous appearance of tapeworms in different parts of the body in different host species. There is a link between anomalous infections and the immune status of the host. Possible causes of anomalies include damage to neoblasts, lack of a proper immune response by the host, anthelmintics, host diet, or environmental influences.
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